Conscription became obligatory in Egypt in the early 19th century during the rule of Muhammad Ali, an Albanian soldier ... It is illegal to take pictures of military personnel, so to do so felt ...

Thanks to Will Smith and Michael Mann, Muhammad ... a 78 on a 1964 Army IQ test -- "I said I was the greatest, not the smartest" -- Ali was classified 1-Y: "Not qualified under current standards ...

Muhammad Ali, the reigning world heavyweight boxing champion, entered the combative ring of politics and culture by refusing ...

In this pioneering account of Egyptian educational history, Paul Sedra describes how the Egyptian state under Muhammad Ali Pasha sought to forge a new relationship with children during the nineteenth ...