The investigation originated in 2018 when scientists first detected irregularities suggesting the presence of this deep ...

Scientists from UC Santa Barbara and San Diego State University developed a new model to reveal how plants manage water under ...

Engage 1. Introduce the idea of building a model of the water cycle. Remind students that they have seen and used drawings and animations as models of a solid, liquid, and gas. Tell students that they ...

Millions and millions of years of rain have given us oceanic sea water that contains 35 parts of salt per 1,000 parts of water. Scientists simple refer to this salinity as parts per thousand or ppt.

Energy-budget calculations and equilibrium model estimates of evaporation from a lichen-dominated upland site in the Hudson Bay lowlands are presented. The energy-budget calculations reveal that the ...