“They were very keen on protecting mothers from harm,” medieval history scholar Sara McDougall told Slate. Texts from the time indicate that such extreme measures would usually be performed on ...

but in Medieval Europe, it didn’t work the way we think today. The rise of banking, trade credit, and money changers transformed the economy from a simple barter system into a sophisticated ...

The stone castles that we recognize today as emblematically medieval appeared from the 11th and 12th centuries onward, having developed out of the comparatively simple earlier fortifications.

According to a popular meme that has circulated for years, the answer is simple ... at the Institute for New Economic History. That op-ed, titled "Why a Medieval Peasant Got More Vacation ...