When manufacturing, assembling, and using integrated circuit (IC) chips, the electrostatic discharge (ESD) caused by accumulated static can damage the IC circuitry if the circuit is not properly ...

The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is a metaheuristic nature-inspired technique for solving various combinatorial optimization problems. The shortest-path problem is an important ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract A general procedure is presented for computing the best, 2nd best, ⋯, Kth best solutions to a given discrete optimization problem. If the ...

Bumblebees can find the solution to a complex mathematical problem which keeps computers busy for days. Scientists in the UK have discovered that bees learn to fly the shortest possible route between ...