It wasn’t clear whether grey smoke was closer to black or white, for example. By the 1970s, the straw method had been abandoned in favour of more controllable chemical mixtures.

Annotation by NPR. Try as they might, the team was unable to get Black doctors and white patients in one image. Out of 150 images of HIV patients, 148 were Black and two were white.

The gap between Black and White homeownership in the US is significant and difficult to narrow, and its persistence has reduced the ability for Black families to create and pass down wealth for ...