Until the Executive Order of June 24, 1912, neither the order of the stars nor the proportions of the flag was prescribed. Consequently, flags dating before this period sometimes show unusual ...

Red and white became the official colours of Poland as late as in 1919. The appearance of the Polish flag was inscribed in the law about the coats of arms and colours of the Polish Second Republic.

while members of the White League (1874) and the Red Shirts (1875) were publicly known. All four groups used violence to intimidate blacks and Republican voters. Their efforts succeeded ...