Pulmonic valve stenosis occurs when the pulmonic valve is not able to open normally in systole. This results in right ventricular pressure overload, right ventricular hypertrophy and eventual ...

Murmurs are described by their timing in the cardiac cycle, intensity, shape, pitch, location, radiation and response to dynamic maneuvers. Using the aforementioned criteria, a clinician can ...

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty has been the accepted first-line treatment for congenital pulmonic stenosis in children. Its efficacy in adolescents and adults is less well defined.

Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) is the major cardiac lesion of Williams Syndrome (WS). WS also has features of mental retardation (MR), characteristic facies and variable hypercalcemia in ...