And despite annually dispatched Portuguese India Armadas suffering losses in ships and men of up to 35 percent, it remained hugely profitable throughout the 16th century. Yet, how did the ...

Leaving India in January, armadas return to Iberia in summer. This circuit is the carreira da Índia or the “India Run”. Portuguese envoy Vasco da Gama, just 20 years earlier in 1498 ...

More than 400 years after Goa was colonized by the Portuguese, India finally took over Goa from Portugal after an Indian boat was shot by the Portuguese and an Indian fisher was killed.

But consider this: A 16th-century Portuguese ... Armadas, the so-called narratives of the fleets. A thorough study of the most complete narratives shows that 21 ships were lost on the way to India ...