Plasma is in fact called “the fourth state of matter” along with solids, liquids and gases. It consists of a fully ionized or partially ionized gas, containing ions, electrons and neutral atoms. At ...

Some of the components used a partially ionized gas called cold plasma, which Bukhari realized could be utilized in carbon capture technologies. "I needed to build something that can stall the ...

For surface modification using low-pressure plasma, a vacuum chamber containing partially ionized gas is used, with the material placed inside the chamber for treatment. Specialized pumps maintain ...