Understanding p-values helps test if differences in data ... A more complex test statistic would yield the chi-squared value by adding the squared differences between observed and expected values ...

These types of tests use the chi-square test statistic and distribution ... For our example: This gives us a test statistic of χ 2 = 12.51. Step 4: Calculate the p-value and assess the strength of ...

Paige McLaughlin / Investopedia Chi-square is a statistical measurement that shows how well a model fits the observed data. A chi-square (χ 2) statistic is a test that compares observed data to ...