It begins with observing onion cells, highlighting their components such as the cell wall, nucleus, and vacuoles. Staining techniques reveal the protoplasm, which is essential for life.

University of Tokyo. "Observing mammalian cells with superfast soft X-rays." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 25 May 2024. <www.sciencedaily.com / releases / 2024 / 05 / 240524115322.htm>.