“I hope that [potential contestants will] learn that ... Following Milliken’s victory, naysayers accused the National American Miss of “celebrating obesity.” The backlash came after ...

The Miss Black America contest defied the exclusion of African American women ... The crowning of the National Doughnut Queen held less social significance. But contestants in every beauty pageant ...

The National Federation of Afro-American Women is formed ... are instituted afterwards requiring contestants to be between 18 and 26. Miss America is transformed into an emblem of patriotism.