Although, at the microscopic level, other factors can also play a role. "If you watch a glass of water freezing, you will notice that the ice first forms at the water–glass interface and ...

"This triggers a reaction that forms a stable, organic layer to the glass, making it either permanently water-repellent or positively charged, depending on the type of diazonium salt used.

The German storage startup plunged a sliver of its archival glass storage into a kettle of boiling salt water, then roasted ... relies on an ultra-thin ceramic layer – just 50 to 100 atoms ...