If insulin can’t get out of blood vessels, it can’t act in its target tissues. “Endothelial cells are full of insulin ...

Our perspective about glucose toxicity as it pertains to the pancreatic ß-cell is that the characteristic decreases in insulin synthesis and secretion are caused by decreased insulin gene expression.

Exenatide activates the GLP-1 receptor, thereby increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) in beta cells leading to glucose-dependent insulin synthesis and release. Additionally, it also decreases ...

Figure 1: The signalling pathway by which insulin inhibits GSK3 and contributes to the stimulation of glycogen and protein synthesis. Figure 4: The molecular mechanism by which phosphorylation ...

Insulins inhibit lipolysis and proteolysis, and enhance protein synthesis. Instruct patients on diet, exercise, blood or urine testing, proper administration of insulin, change in species of ...