Clipper will reach the ice-covered Jovian moon Europa in ... provide energy and chemicals through underwater volcanoes that could make Europa’s ocean habitable. But it is also possible that ...

An illustration of two Europa exploration concepts from NASA. An ice-melting probe called PRIME ... winning science journalist and doctor of volcanoes based in London. He regularly writes about ...

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are like underwater volcanoes ... how life could persist on worlds like Europa, where sunlight never penetrates the thick ice. The Chemistry of Survival: Salt, Water ...

During its initial three-year stint in orbit, Europa Clipper will provide unprecedented views of the moon’s surface, glean information on the dynamics of its ice shell, and determine if ...

Europa has a smooth surface despite being hit by many meteors, suggesting the surface is young, recently replaced. Ice volcanoes raining down water over the surface would make sense. It also has a ...

Europa's ocean is thought to lie beneath the moon's icy surface, which is why Clipper includes ice-penetrating radar, called Radar for Europa Assessment and Sounding: Ocean to Near-surface (REASON).

Europa, a moon of Jupiter, and Enceladus, a moon of Saturn, have evidence of oceans beneath their ice crusts. A NASA experiment suggests that if these oceans support life, signatures of that life ...

When a mudflat crumbles on Earth, or an ice sheet splinters on one of Jupiter's moons (Europa), or an ancient lakebed breaks on Mars, do these fractures follow a hidden geometric script?