Anchoring isn’t instant. Even after students notice a pattern, the written form can flicker before it stabilizes in long-term memory. Drift is normal before the anchor holds, which is why teachers ...

For the average professor, a student whose notebook is full of miscellaneous papers, magazine clippings, grocery lists, foil, dryer lint or playing cards doesn’t seem like an effective use of space.

It's before school on a crisp Friday morning in Carlsbad, Calif. Andrew Luria is rallying the kids in his newsroom. "How many of you guys didn't do your homework?" Luria asks the 10- and 11-year-old ...