as the city placed boulders under the bridge last week to deter future encampments. It's sometimes described as hostile architecture, where spikes or bars are added to surfaces to make them ...

On a graffiti-stained sidewalk in Paris, a strange sight appeared days before the Olympic opening ceremony in July: Around 40 giant cement Lego-like blocks in neat rows beneath the Pont de Stains ...

making the bridge only accessible to car owners who were often of a wealthier class, according to Chango Cummings, adjunct faculty member in the University of Minnesota’s College of Design. Cummings ...

These features of urban life, and the many designs just like them, are what’s known as “hostile architecture ... excessive noise pollution. When under-insulated walls separate you from ...

Perhaps the most revealing is “hostile architecture,” a focus of my research. This term is often used for public spaces designed in ways that discriminate against specific vulnerable populations.