The history of synthetic chemistry offers a possible ... In 1852, Edward Frankland proposed that each atom had an ability to combine with a fixed number of other atoms. Kekulé used this 'theory ...

Lavoisier's finding laid the foundation for modern chemistry and revolutionized science. The Law of Conservation ... matter are very old and each atom has a history. An individual atom of a ...

Listen to the full series on BBC Sounds. Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden tested the plum pudding model. They aimed beams of positively-charged particles at very thin gold foil. These particles ...