This entity has four symmetries ... framework for all four fundamental forces. Most importantly, their theory was proven to be renormalizable up to the first order, addressing one of the most ...

Of the four known fundamental forces of nature ... also spitting out a negatively charged electron in order to conserve electric charge; beta-plus decay does the reverse and turns protons into ...

Save guides, add subjects and pick up where you left off with your BBC account. These four fundamental forces exist between fermions (quarks and leptons). They arise from the exchange of bosons.

That at least is the case with the strong nuclear force, one of four fundamental forces of nature (the others being electromagnetism, gravity and the weak nuclear force). The strong force holds ...