Phase separation occurs when an excessive amount of water is introduced into the fuel tank, leading the ethanol and water to mix and sink to the bottom of the tank. The engine cannot operate on ...

Mattsson and Desjarlais first found the standard water-phase diagram out of whack when they ran an advanced quantum molecular simulation program on Sandia’s Thunderbird supercomputer that ...

compared to the normal boiling point of ethanol. Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the process for conversion of fructose to DMF. Alternatively, because NaCl does not evaporate, vapour-phase ...