Emily Laurence is a journalist, freelance writer and certified health coach living in Raleigh, North Carolina. She specializes in writing about mental health, healthy aging and overall wellness. For ...

Industry versus inferiority is the fourth stage of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which occurs after the third stage of initiative versus guilt. The fourth stage occurs during ...

Erik Erikson's psychosocial developmental theory (1950, 1968) was a response to Freud's reductionistic views of the human personality. For Erikson, all people have an essence, including the sexuality ...

Erik Erikson was a German psychologist who theorized that there's a specific psychological struggle that takes place through the eight stages of a person's life. These struggles, he believed, ...

Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the second stage of Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development. This stage occurs between the age of 18 months and around age 2 or 3 years. According to ...

Postpartum maternal mental health and mother-to-infant bonding are well-established as critical factors in a child's psychosocial development. However, few studies have explored the combined impact of ...

A new study now shows how strongly postpartum depression and mother-to-infant bonding affect child difficulties in sixth grade. Also, emphasizes the importance of secure early bonding experiences in ...