Almost fifty years ago, when Haraldur Sigurdsson first came to the University of Rhode Island from Iceland, he got interested in what makes some clam shells more purple than others.

Uranium, belonging to the periodic table´s actinide elements, has long intrigued scientists due to its complex electron configurations ... electrons in its inner shells compared to other ...

This clip shows how carbon is made up from sub-atomic particles. Electron shells are mentioned. Two extra neutrons are added to make an unstable isotope which explodes at the end. This clip could ...

Now, one of the major puzzles in particle physics is understanding why neutrinos are so lightweight — less than a millionth the mass of an electron. Measuring their masses would be a step toward ...