Moments after the Big Bang, the universe was unimaginably hot, dense, and filled with freely moving quarks and gluons. This ...

Discover the fascinating world of particle physics — the most fundamental building blocks of the universe and the forces that ...

Electromagnetism is everywhere, and humans have observed its many guises for thousands of years. Ancient Egyptians were painfully aware of the Nile River’s electric catfish. The Chinese learned to ...

Dreams of a unified field theory Einstein's aim was to explain electromagnetism as a geometric property of four-dimensional spacetime. He continued this work until his death in 1955. The work was ...

Most of us don’t think much about electric charge, apart from in those annoying moments when our phones run out of it. But for physicists, it is a big deal. In every atom, negatively charged ...

For example, in a 2008 paper, the physicists Davide Gaiotto and Edward Witten showed how geometric spaces related to quantum field theories of electromagnetism fit into the geometric Langlands program ...

The Standard Model is the modern physical understanding of three of the four forces of nature: electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force. When you purchase through ...

Electromagnets and transformers - AQA Electromagnetism is due to the magnetic fields around electric currents. The fields can cause forces with other nearby magnets which can be used to make ...

Magnetic materials, electric multipoles, solutions to Laplace's equation, boundary conditions, image charge problems, Maxwell's equations; propagation of electromagnetic waves in vacuum, conductors ...