Conscription became obligatory in Egypt in the early 19th century during the rule of Muhammad Ali, an Albanian soldier who was forced to fight for the Ottoman Empire and later ascended the throne.

Before the time of the New Kingdom, being a soldier brought little reward or prestige. But the need to remove foreigners from northern Egypt and then conquer other countries required a powerful ...

Compassion for one another - and the ability to see someone is valuable no matter who they are - is one of the rarest gifts a person can have. When that person is also one of the most famous ...

Connecting Muhammad Alī's“enframing of modernity,” posited by Timothy Mitchell in Colonising Egypt (1988), with Ulrich Beck's articulation ... were also emphasized in Gaston Weit, Mohammed ‘Ali et les ...