Even robotic systems occasionally need a cooling fan. When they do, the cooling circuit must be an intelligent one that makes minimal demands on power consumption and space. The circuit described here ...

A generally accepted fact about relays and solenoids is that after they’re driven into the actuated state, only half as much coil voltage and therefore only one fourth as much coil power, are required ...

This simple circuit adds short-circuit load protection to a basic driver such as the output of a simple logic gate, while allowing it to control a high-power load operating at a much-higher voltage ...