Benjamin Roulston is Assistant Professor of Physics, Clarkson University The planet Jupiter has no solid ground – no surface ... the gas turns into a form of liquid hydrogen, creating what ...

The icy surface of Jupiter's moon Europa appears to be constantly ... play—and provide further evidence for Europa harboring a liquid ocean beneath its frozen surface. Astronomers refer to ...

The 3D picture of Jupiter's troposphere shows that the majority of the weather systems on Jupiter are shallow, reaching only 10 to 20 kilometers below the visible cloud deck or "surface" of the ...

An artist’s depiction of NASA ... and the second closest to Jupiter. It orbits at the ideal distance for Jupiter’s gravity to heat the moon enough to maintain liquid water under an icy ...

The constant stretching and squeezing creates tidal forces that generate heat within the moon, keeping its subsurface crust in liquid magma ... gets look under surface of Jupiter, Io Years of ...

A conception of the Europa Clipper spacecraft flying by the Jovian moon, Europa, with dominant Jupiter ... liquid water or even where the ice meets the alien ocean. An instrument called the ...

In addition, it is believed that internal oceans exist on Jupiter’s moons Ganymede and Callisto and Saturn’s moons Titan and Enceladus. Liquid water is essential for life as we know it ...

The Voyager 1 spacecraft had flown past this moon of Jupiter ... oceans of potentially habitable liquid water. During flybys in December 2023 and February 2024, Juno came within 1,500 kilometers of Io ...

If all goes well, the Europa Clipper will brake into orbit around Jupiter in April 2030 ... on Europa where there's evidence of liquid water not far below the surface, evidence of organics ...

Why does Jupiter ... hydrogen gas to liquid hydrogen and then to metallic hydrogen happens slowly and smoothly. At no point is there a sharp boundary, solid material or surface.