A 35-year-old man presents with a chief complaint of purple discoloration of his toes and associated skin lesions that have been present for the past month.

Timely diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is of critical clinical importance because it allows for an early start to treatment, preventing organ damage and improving the patient’s ...

The diagnostic criteria for SLE are presented in Table 2 ... inflammatory polyarthritis is common in the older population. The diagnosis of such patients is often more elusive as "classic ...

as the persistent inflammation that can lead to early atherosclerosis could be present before the diagnosis of SLE or even before the patient meets the classification criteria for SLE." ...