The majority of hydrocarbon (HC) emissions in the FTP cycles are generated during cold starts when the catalyst is cold, and a large percentage of the injected fuel does not vaporize well. D Dduring ...

ABSTRACT Future emission standards for Diesel engine will require a drastic reduction of engine-out NOx emissions with very low level of particulate matter (PM), HC and CO, and keeping under control ...

Q: My daughter has a 2008 Ford Focus that hesitates and stalls when it is warming up from a cold start. So far I have installed new Motorcraft spark plugs, air filter and fuel filter with no ...

Diesel engines are renowned for their power and fuel efficiency, but cold weather can pose significant challenges to their operation. Many diesel owners wonder if starting their engines in cold ...