Cell signaling is crucial for cells to communicate and function correctly. Disruptions in these pathways, caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors, can lead to uncontrolled cell growth ...

Enlarge Figure 1-2: PI3K, AKT and MTOR downstream pathways signaling for cell proliferation of HER2-positive breast cancer. Source: Kumar M and Rajnikanth PS. A Mini-Review on HER2 Positive Breast ...

Macrophages are the specialized phagocytic cells that respond to toxic particle depositions to exert inflammatory and clearance responses. These long-lived immune cells engulf foreign substances like ...