Black and white thinking is a thought pattern that makes people think in absolutes. For instance, you may think you are either always right or the world’s biggest failure. Psychologists consider ...

the difference between the proportions of white students and Black students graduating with degrees has gotten bigger, data from the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center show.

There’s usually a middle ground. But if you find yourself constantly thinking in absolutes, you could be stuck in a pattern of black-and-white thinking. This habit, also known as polarized ...

with both Black and white students improving at similar rates through the 1980s and 1990s. Achievement gaps were at their most narrow in 2004, but Black 9-year-olds continued to make progress in math ...