Due to the lack of long-range order, the 3D atomic structure of amorphous materials had eluded direct experimental determination for more than a century. We solved this long-standing problem by ...

Many modern atomic clocks use oscillations of strontium atoms rather than cesium to measure time; the most precise of these is accurate to within 1/15,000,000,000 of a second. This means that ...

Definition: Strain engineering is a critical field of materials science and nanotechnology that involves the deliberate application of strain to alter the physical properties of materials. This ...

Atomic positions shift progressively under applied stress, enabling real-time observation of atomic-scale strain effects. The schematic diagram on the right illustrates the in situ experimental setup, ...

In 1912, scientists invented X-ray crystallography and revealed a crystal’s atomic structure for the first time Tess Joosse Humans have marveled at crystals for millennia. Viridescent emerald ...

Rutherford and Bohr describe atomic structure 1913. Photo: Niels Bohr's research notes for his new atomic theory. In 1911, Niels Bohr earned his PhD in Denmark with a dissertation on the electron ...

Because of their extreme atomic structure, highly charged ions can't be cooled directly with laser light, and standard detection methods can't be used either.