Figure 1: The declarative versus nondeclarative memory account. In this Perspective, I review data showing that different types of memory are not solely distinguishable on the basis of consciousness ...

This article was published in Scientific American’s former blog network and reflects the views of the author, not necessarily those of Scientific American Classical conditioning is one of those ...

Is sleep learning possible? A new study has found that if certain odors are presented after tones during sleep, people will start sniffing when they hear the tones alone -- even when no odor is ...

Operant conditioning, sometimes called instrumental conditioning or Skinnerian conditioning, is a method of learning that uses rewards and punishment to modify behavior. Through operant conditioning, ...