Finely grate the apple (the skin is OK) to get 1 tablespoon and add it to a medium bowl. (Save the rest of the apple for another use.) Add the lime juice, mirin and yuzu kosho and mix until well ...

2 tablespoons cider vinegar 1 Gala or Fuji apple or other firm-fleshed, sweet variety, peeled, cored and cut into 1/4-inch dice 1 medium shallot, minced (about 3 tablespoons) ...

Half a lemon makes about 1 tablespoon, so if your recipe calls for 1 tablespoon of apple cider vinegar, replace it with 1 tablespoon of lemon juice / the juice of half a lemon.