Anterior cervical discectomy surgery (ACDF) is a procedure to reduce neck and back pain caused by disc problems. It involves removing an eroded or herniated disc from the neck and fusing the ...

The neck and shoulder region of vertebrates has undergone a complex evolutionary history. To identify its underlying mechanisms we map the destinations of embryonic neural crest and mesodermal ...

In 1926 Mosher 1 described difficulty in swallowing caused by exostoses of the cervical vertebras. In addition to his 2 cases 34 have been reported. 2–16 Surgical excision of the osteophyte was ...

The cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae, which are the smallest and uppermost in location within the spinal column. Together, the vertebrae support the skull, move the spine, and protect ...