This 14th century library that grew from a 9th century mosque and university, founded by an heiress, Fatima al-Fihri, was once “the soul of the city,” says Fez-born architect Aziza Chaouni.

The University of al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, Morocco, founded in 859 AD, is the oldest continuously operating degree-granting university in the world. ・The University of Bologna in Italy, established ...