It is emblazoned with the following inscription in both Polish and Spanish: 'Ernest Malinowski 1818-1899. Polish Engineer. Peruvian Patriot. Hero of the Defence of Callao in 1866. Builder of the ...

During the 19th century the British fought minor wars in Africa to secure British control of colonial territories. These included the: Ashanti Wars in West Africa. Matabele Wars in South Africa.