According to trade data shared with Reuters, India is the biggest buyer of seaborne crude from Russia, importing about 1.75 million barrels per day from January to June this year, up 1 per cent from one year ago. In total, it imported Russian oil worth about £38bn in the financial year ending March 2025.

In an executive order, Trump says "I find that the Government of India is currently directly or indirectly importing Russian Federation oil" and due to those purchases, imports of Indian goods into the United States "shall be subject to an additional ... rate of duty of 25%."

India imports around two million barrels of crude oil per day from Russia, making it the second largest purchaser of Russian oil after China, according to the New York Times. Russia’s share of Indian oil imports has increased from less than 1% before the war to more than a third.